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Profile features
The typical profile of Kastanozems is moderately deep,
weakly leached soils with a brown mollic horizon of medium
thickness. The subsoils are cambic or argic horizon, with secondary
carbonates (protocalcic properties or calcic horizon), in some cases,
also with secondary gypsum.
Environment and landforms
Kastanozems are expected in a climate of relatively contrasting hot and cold
seasons with the topography of flat to undulating grasslands dominated by steppe and prairie.
The landforms also include those areas where they are found in the hillside fields at different
levels from the central to the lower foothills of the mountain of which parent materials are
associated with rock or sediments consisting of calcium carbonate or gypsum.
Use and management
One of the most suitable forms of land use for Kastanozems is extensive grazing. Under
irrigation, these soils can provide high yields of food, fodder, and vegetable crops. Kastanozems
are easy to lose water, and with inadequate water management, they are susceptible to erosion.
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